Founded in 1996 by master watchmaker Michel Parmigiani, Parmigiani Fleurier is known for its dedication to haute horlogerie and meticulous craftsmanship. The brand quickly established itself with innovative designs like the Toric and Kalpa collections, reflecting a blend of traditional techniques and modern aesthetics. Parmigiani Fleurier operates with a high degree of vertical integration, producing nearly all components in-house through its network of sister companies under the Sandoz Family Foundation